4D ultrasound
3D ultrasound is used as a diagnostic means in gynecology
and gynecological oncology. Its role is important in detecting
uterus anomalies, analysis of morphology of uterus and ovaries
tumor. Color Doppler 3D ultrasound provides information on blood
supply to organs and tumor on genital tract, used for assessment
of potential malignity of discovered alternations.
4D ultrasound is used in perinatology, i.e. pregnancy
monitoring. 4D ultrasound application enables monitoring embryo
from early implantation period, morphology analysis in the first
trimester, embryo development in the second trimester, as well
as fetus development and behavior in the third trimester of
pregnancy. High image resolution of 4D ultrasound enables
detection and analysis of embryo development anomalies.
3D ultrasound in gynecology
3D ultrasound in gynecology is used for morphology genital
analysis. Its application enables non-invasive diagnostics of
congenital uterus anomalies.
for precise diagnostics of anomaly type is used a special
technique called 3DXI Multislice, where the structure of
genitallies is analyzed on 0,5 mm cross-section series, similar
as in scanner or MRI.
3D color Doppler ultrasound is used for detection and testing
genital tumors. Beside morphology analysis, blood vessels on
tumor itself are tested for malignity risk assessment.
4D ultrasound in the first trimester
During the first pregnancy trimester, ultrasound determines
pregnancy localization, embryo heart function, and application
of 3D and 4D ultrasound is used for embryo morphology analysis,
umbilical cord and gallbladder. In this period of pregnancy
disorders of abdominal wall development in fetus may be
detected.
Neck crease in 12th week
During 12th week of pregnancy, complete fetus development is
analyzed and its size measured. Examination encompasses
morphology of all vital organs, both in 2D and 4D techniques. As
one of parameters in so-called genetic ultrasound examination,
heart function frequency is determined. Thickness of neck
formation (fetus neck crease). Once neck crease is callous, it
represents one of parameters, which indicate possible genetic
fetus anomalies.
Examination encompasses placenta localization, as well as blood
flow through main blood vessels in uterus.
After an ultrasound examination, patient is sent to do a blood
hormone Double test, which is a part of testing in genetic fetus
anomaly risk assessment.
Upon completed testing, based on all ultrasound and hormone
parameters, genetic anomaly risk is assessed.
Genetic analysis
In the event of increased risk, as well as in case when the
patient is over 35, genetic analysis is performed for
determining fetus kariotype.
Genetic analysis and determination of kariotype and fetus gender
may be executed only in period after 9,5 weeks and 19 weeks of
pregnancy using biopsy of chorionic villus, i.e. placenta
biopsy.
In period between 16th and 18th week of pregnancy, genetic
analysis may be performed by extracting amniotic fluid –
amniocentesis.
4D ultrasound in the second trimester
During the second trimester, ultrasound is used for testing
fetus growth and development. In this period of pregnancy,
anomalies in fetus development, i.e. its vital organs are
detected.
Genetic testing (sampling)
In the second trimester, up to 19th week of pregnancy, biometric
parameters and thickness of neck crease indicating potential
risk for fetus genetic anomalies are determined. This
examination encompasses pregnant woman being referred to do
biochemical blood Triple test based on which is also performed
risk assessment for genetic anomalies.
If pregnant woman didn’t perform genetic ultrasound examination
and Double test during 12th week of pregnancy, it is desirable
to do detail ultrasound examination and Triple test during 16th
or 17th week, so in the event of increased risk, genetic
analysis may be performed – placenta biopsy or amniocentesis.
Fetal echocardiography
The second trimester of pregnancy is period for performing fetal
echocardiography for eliminating anomalies on fetus heart
function.
Color Doppler ultrasound
During this period blood flow through most important fetus blood
vessels is tested, enabling timely observation of formed
disorders in fetus circulation. Application of color Doppler
ultrasound is used for analysis of a flow in uterus blood
vessels enabling timely observation of disorders, which may
indicate that pregnant woman will experience blood pressure
increase.
4D ultrasound in the third trimester
during the third trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound
examination is used for monitoring fetus development and growth
by measuring biometric parameters (circumference and diameter of
head, abdomen, long extremity bones). Thickness and maturity of
placenta is measured (indicating pregnancy diabetes or premature
placenta aging appearing due to smoking).
Color Doppler ultrasound
Analyzed chemo-dynamical parameters in fetus arterial blood
vessels (circulation in head, umbilical cord, fetal aorta,
kidneys, heart) and in vein blood vessels. Blood vessels of
uterus are also examined. Measured parameters may indicate
pregnancy hypertension as well as insufficient fetus oxygen
supply, and are considered as very important in controlling
high-risk pregnancies.
4D ultrasound
4D ultrasound in the third trimester is used for monitoring
fetal behavior and activity within uterus. Fetal morphology is
analyzed and detected development anomalies, which may occur in
this period.
